The Difference Between a Project and a Programme

To understand the difference between a project and a programme, we need to understand what a project is versus what a programme is within the context of an organization.

A project refers to a specific, singular endeavour to deliver a tangible output.

A project manager is therefore responsible for ensuring a project delivers on its intended output in line with a defined time frame and budget.

A programme refers to multiple projects which are managed and delivered as a single package.

A programme manager is therefore tasked with overseeing all the projects comprising the programme – to ensure it achieves its outcomes.

The components of a project are specific and exact.

The scope and goals of a project are well-defined – while programmes are typically less clear-cut.

Because a programme covers multiple projects – a programme team tends to be larger as it also incorporates the project managers and their project team members.

Projects and programmes may have a waterfall or agile approach.

A project represents a single, focused endeavour.

A programme is a collection of projects – together all the projects form a connected package of work. The different projects complement each other to assist the programme in achieving its overall objectives. It’s likely the different projects within a programme will overlap – the programme manager will therefore assess these overlaps and work with the relevant project managers to ensure the programme’s smooth progression.

While some projects take several years – the typical project will not take very long to complete.

Programmes often take a very long time to complete as they intend to deliver more. It’s therefore common for programmes to be organised into phases or tranches.

A particularly long project may also be organised into multiple phases – but this is less common.

Projects focus on achieving tangible outputs, i.e. what you gain upon completing the project.

Programmes focus on outcomes – which are often not tangible. The benefits provided by a programme depend on the collective benefits of its projects. Examples of a programme outcome include a cultural or political change within an organisation – or changes in the way an organisation operates.

The responsibilities of a project manager centre on completing projects efficiently without diminishing the value of the intended deliverable. In general, project managers:

• Outline the scope, objectives, and deliverables as well as craft detailed plans and budgets for projects.
• Coordinate and manage project resources while adhering to schedules and quality standards.
• Monitor progress, identify risks, resolve issues, and communicate updates to stakeholders.
• Close projects effectively by meeting objectives and ensuring stakeholder satisfaction.

Programme managers have different responsibilities in that they oversee multiple, interconnected projects that all share a similar goal. Some programme management responsibilities include:

• Monitor project progress, identify risks, and ensure timely issue resolution.
• Lead and direct project teams to meet objectives on time and within budget.
• Ensure project deliverables meet quality standards and requirements.
• Ensure compliance with organizational policies and procedures.
• Analyze project performance and provide recommendations for improvement.
• Foster strong relationships with stakeholders and clients.

• Project Managers need to focus on the deliverables of their project which must be achieved within certain cost and time constraints.
• Programme Managers must be comfortable in being less hands-on and they need to have a vision of the benefits the programme will achieve.

The best thing for the organization running programmes and projects is that everyone understands the different pressures faced by their colleagues.

So, if you are a project manager it’s well worth finding out more about programme management and similarly programme managers benefit from understanding the challenges that project managers face.

For individuals interested in project or programme management, it is important to pair your experience with specialized training. Additionally, earning a certification can greatly increase your odds of being selected for a project/programme management position.

APMG has a large selection of project and programme certifications which are widely recognized by leading organizations along with certain branches of government. 

We have administered over 185,000 exams for our Agile Project Management Certification which is based on the world's leading agile framework.

Alternatively, the Praxis Framework Certification is an effective route to verify both your project and programme management knowledge all at once. Praxis has quickly gained prestige amongst the project and programme community with its Bridging Course— which has been endorsed by Australia's leading project management association, AIPM. This course also serves a path to become a Chartered Project Professional with the Association for Project Management.

No matter which discipline you decide to embark on, all candidates who earn their certification through APMG will gain a digital badge  to showcase their expertise online.